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  Typography, Baseball, and the Fight for Civil Rights

  Conner Gayda

  Typography is ubiquitous. As we navigate our daily routines, fonts compete for our attention. They seek to inform, excite, persuade, tell stories, and more. This demonstration specifically examines how fonts can be leveraged to tell stories — in this case, the story of Black baseball in Birmingham, Alabama. Inspired by the Birmingham Black Barons and their legendary pitcher Satchel Paige, my original font design “Satchel” is a typographic tribute to Negro League baseball and the fight for racial equality in Alabama. The end result is equal parts graphic design technicalities, civil rights history, activism, and sports fanaticism.

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  Detecting Global Declines of Stoneflies at a Local Scale: Measuring Changes in Stonefly Diversity in a Tributary of the Cahaba River of Central Alabama

  Gabriella Gentry

  Projections of a global 40 percent decline in overall insect diversity in the next few decades are particularly worrisome for stonefly (Plecoptera) diversity. This group contains many species that are endemic, sensitive to habitat loss, and pollution intolerant primarily in their aquatic life stages where they occur only in non-impaired waterways. These insects often have life cycles of at least a year before emerging as adults so chronic exposure to pollutants, siltation, scouring, and other trends in impaired waterways cause localized extinction events. Currently, there are 650 described species in nine genera of stoneflies in the US of which 107 species are found in Alabama. In fact, type localities of 21 species are from small streams throughout the state. The headwaters of the Cahaba river starts in a very urbanized area and becomes more rural as it flows the almost 200 mile stretch away from Birmingham. Increased development at the headwaters is likely causing reduced stonefly diversity in the river as it becomes more impaired. Previously, 10 genera in four families were found along the Cahaba. A comparison of stonefly taxa along a single tributary of the Cahaba river from surveys conducted in 5 sites along the length of the creek from 1993-2018 will show trends in diversity changes through time and highlight the importance for long-term monitoring of Alabama streams.

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  Image Processing in Python

  Matthew Glavosek

  Design is concerned with how things work, how they are controlled, and the nature of the interaction between people and technology. When done well, the results are brilliant, pleasurable products. When done badly, the products are unusable, leading to great frustration and irritation.

  When coming up with new ideas as part of a design project, it is important to conceptualize these ideas in terms of what the proposed product will do. This is referred to as creating a proof of concept. A proof of concept can be seen as an initial pass to help define the area and explore solutions. One reason for needing this is as a reality check where fuzzy ideas and assumptions about the benefits of the proposed product are scrutinized in terms of feasibility: How realistic is it to develop what a team of designers have suggested, and how desirable and useful it will actually be? From the user experience (UX) perspective, it can lead to better clarity, forcing designers to explain how users will understand, learn about , and interact with the product.

  In the recent decades, design has gotten better. We have excellent books and courses on human-centered design. The rapid rate of technology change outpaces the advances in design. New technologies, new applications, and new methods of interaction are continually arising and evolving. New industries spring up. New developments may repeat the mistakes of the earlier ones; new fields require time to adopt the principles of good design. Each new invention of technology or interaction technique requires experimentation and study before the principles of good design can be fully used in practice.

  In the proposed project, we will introduce proper terminology and analyze interaction styles- the “bread and butter” of user interfaces. We will present our implementation (using PYTHON) for projects that solve similar problems but display the results using various approaches.

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  Can Helmets Assist in the Reduction of Concussions in Football Athletes, when Compared to Patient Education and Tackling Techniques: A Critically Appraised Topic

  Micah Glover

  Context: The primary job of a helmet is to cushion the blow that players receive during games by using a hard exterior and a cushioned interior to provide optimal protection during contact. Patients primarily need to be introduced to tackling techniques that reduce the force placed on the head during tackles, as this involves using your shoulders to utilize appropriate tackling techniques. If a football athlete leads with the head during a tackling technique, it can increase the likelihood of head injuries. The purpose of the critically appraised topic is to examine the effectiveness of helmets in reducing the risk of concussions in football athletes compared to proper tackling techniques and patient education.

  Methods: A computerized search was completed in October 2022. The search terms used were “concussions”, “football”, “prevention”, “tackling techniques”, and “helmets”. Electronic databases used were Pubmed and the Jacksonville State University Library. Inclusion criteria: Articles written in the English language, limiting concussion risks, and published articles within the past ten years. Exclusion criteria: Soccer, rugby, and studies that were focused on rehabilitation of concussions. Validity of the selected studies was determined using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. One author independently reviewed the studies, scored each paper, and reviewed the completed appraisals to come on study quality.

  Results: The literature retrieved 16 total articles and 12 were excluded based on exclusion criteria, resulting in four studies. The study confirms that patient education, proper tackling techniques, and certain characteristics of helmets are beneficial approaches to reduce the risk of concussions. Current methods of teaching proper tackling techniques and initiation of targeting rules decreased concussion rates by up to 40%. In addition, improperly fitted helmets amount for up to 7% of all concussions. Furthermore, different brands of helmets can decrease concussion rates based off the design and inner lining. Lastly, patient education is important because coaches teach at-risk tackling techniques and are unaware of the sustained injuries involved in football. Teaching athletes to avoid leading with the helmet which exposes the head is vital to reduce the risk of concussions.

  Conclusion: The study strengthens the needs of patient education, proper tackling techniques, and characteristics of helmets can be beneficial in reducing the risk of concussions. Future studies should compare the most common types of helmets, along with the injury rates when using certain lining within the same helmets. In addition, the severity of concussions when using improper tackling needs to be conducted.

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  Restoration of Identity in “Anglikan Seraphym Subjugation of a Wild Indian Reservation”

  Charles Harrell

  The poem "Abecedarian Requiring Further Examination of Anglikan Seraphym Subjugation of a Wild Indian Reservation" by Natalie Diaz illustrates the long-established history of tension and brutality between Native Americans and Europeans. The speaker forms a glaring criticism of imperialism and religious reeducation by portraying Christian imagery in accordance with the experiences of Native Americans. The poem also contains a deliberate balance of irony and earnestness with abecedarian form and heavy subject matter. These devices develop a declaratory tone, as it seems the speaker is boldly reclaiming their identity as a Native American, despite the external forces of white supremacy and the continual erasure of their culture. The poem is Diaz’s personal affirmation of indigenous identity, relaying a broader message of resistance to oppressive expansionism, both cultural and religious.

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  Religion, Race, and Rights: An Analysis of the Political and Economic Atmosphere of the Southeastern United States from 1776 to 2022

  Dakota Heathcock

  There is no doubt that the Southeastern United States has played host to some of the most influential, controversial, and polarizing moments in American history. From the secession of the Confederacy to Jim Crow laws to Reagan-country to the heartland of the MAGA movement, the South has always had its own brand of politics and opinions. But are these underlying political opinions the only or even the major contributor to these moments and milestones? This piece examines the political attitudes that have existed in the South across the existence of the United States, as well as the sociological, religious, and economic attitudes and atmospheres that have existed. Furthermore, this piece investigates the possible connections and contributions that these aforementioned factors have played in the composition, restructuring, and continuation of the uniqueness in the realm that is the Southeastern United States. Some major milestone time periods examined are the Revolutionary War, the United States Civil War, The Civil Rights Era, and from the 1970s into the modern era.

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  Krishna, Christ, and the Fullness of Human Life

  Ashley Himmler

  The Bhagavad Gita and the Gospel accounts of the New Testament tell a similar story of God’s outreach to humanity through a human incarnation. Krishna, a central figure in the Gita, is an incarnation of the god Vishnu, who is concerned with the salvation of humanity. Similarly, Jesus Christ is the incarnation of the creator God of the Old Testament; this God is likewise concerned with the salvation of humanity. Written from a Catholic theological perspective, “Krishna, Christ, and the Fullness of Life” examines the similarities between these salvation accounts and their implications for cross-cultural studies of literature—specifically literature about divinity.

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  Ankle Injuries & Athletic Training Coverage in Marching Band: A Critically Appraised Topic

  Chandler Ingram

  Context: In the activity of marching band, members perform various techniques that could put them at a higher risk of lower extremity injuries. The techniques that are taught places the talocrural joint in a position that increases the risk of ankle sprains and could progress into chronic conditions if left untreated. Athletic training medical coverage is limited for marching band activities and expanded access to these healthcare providers could be beneficial to all members participating. The purpose of this critically appraised topic is to demonstrate that lower extremity injuries are present in marching band and that athletic training techniques can be used to holistically manage these injuries.

  Methods: A computerized search was conducted in October 2022. The search terms used were “marching band”, “marching band members”, “marching athletes”, “marching band injuries”, “musicians”, and “ankle sprain”. Electronic databases used were Jacksonville State University’s Library, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google searches. Inclusion criteria: Research regarding lower extremity injuries in the marching band setting and articles published in the English language. Exclusion criteria: Research article pertaining to musicians that are not in the marching band setting (pianist, organist, etc.). Validity of the selected studies was determined using The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology scale. One author independently reviewed the studies, scored each paper, and reviewed the completed appraisals to come to a consensus on the study quality.

  Results: The literature search retrieved 3,482 total articles and 3,479 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria, resulting in 2 studies and 1 informational text. Research shows that during the band camp period, various types of injuries and conditions are present in these activities. These injuries and conditions include lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries, dermatological issues, gastrointestinal distress, heat distress, trauma such as blisters, upper extremity musculoskeletal injuries, and other illnesses. Furthermore, lower extremity injuries consisted of 35% of all injuries during the band camp period. Therefore, a healthcare professional that specializes in treating musculoskeletal injuries at all levels could be beneficial to the activity.

  Conclusion: Research demonstrates that ankle injuries are present in the marching band activity and athletic training medical coverage could be beneficial in managing and preventing injuries. Further research is warranted for the marching band population and the need for athletic trainers to manage the holistic care of injuries.

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  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Management in Collegiate Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic

  Tamicha Ingram

  Context: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is defined by impairing behavior patterns that result in abnormal levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. ADHD can be diagnosed by a licensed psychiatrist or other healthcare professionals. This disorder is common among all populations; however, this research is primarily focused on collegiate athletes. The purpose of this critically appraised topic is to compare the effectiveness of physical exercise and prescription medication for the management of ADHD symptoms in collegiate athletes.

  Methods: A computerized search was conducted in October 2022. The search terms were “ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,” “ADHD in collegiate athletes,” “behavioral intervention,” “aerobic exercise,” “medication,” and “NCAA.” Electronic databases used were Jacksonville State University Library, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and ProQuest. Inclusion criteria: Literature that was published in the English Language, contained ADHD, physical activity and/or medication, and collegiate athletes. Exclusion criteria: Studies regarding autism, anxiety, and concussions were excluded. Validity of the selected studies were determined using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. One author independently reviewed the studies, scored each paper, and reviewed the completed appraisals to come to a consensus on study quality.

  Results: The literature search retrieved nine total articles, but four were excluded based on exclusion criteria, resulting in five articles. ADHD symptoms are typically regulated using prescribed medication such as Adderall, Vyvanse, and Strattera. Aerobic exercise such as swimming, running, and high intensity interval training can reduce short-term and long-term symptoms of ADHD. It is safe for collegiate athletes to use medication and/or aerobic exercise to regulate ADHD symptoms.

  Conclusion: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that effects individuals differently. Additional research is needed to understand how ADHD affects collegiate athletes and how to manage the disorder while participating in sports. Both physical exercise and prescription medication can be utilized to manage symptoms of ADHD.

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  Impact of Probiotics on Exercise Performance

  Cole Ivey

  Scientists believe that probiotics are live microorganisms that grant health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. The administration of probiotics has been majorly linked with benefits in the gut and immune system, among other health benefits. However, the health benefits of probiotics are both strain and dose-dependent on probiotic function. Compared to sedentary people, an athlete's gut microbiota composition has been linked to the level of activity, the volume of exercise, and the volume of protein consumption. Specific probiotic strains can increase the absorption of key nutrients in athletes, affecting the properties of crucial food components. Probiotic supplementation has been shown to promote healthy responses to immune depression in athletes. This immune depression can occur with excessive training load, psychological stress, lack of sleep, and environmental extremes. Athletes training in prolonged exercise in the heat has been shown to increase gut permeability, potentially resulting in systemic toxemia, which is when the body's defense mechanisms activate to fight off toxins or bacteria that can cause injury to tissue in the body. Specific probiotic strains can help to improve the integrity of this gut barrier and help reduce the risk of systemic toxemia. Improved recovery from muscle-damaging exercise has been linked to administering specific anti-inflammatory probiotic strains. Products that contain probiotics must include the minimal effective dose and method of administration as well as the genus, species, and strain of every live microorganism on the product's label. Lastly, probiotics benefit athletes through improved body composition, lean body mass, average age-related declines in testosterone levels, reduced cortisol levels, reduced levels of exercise-induced lactate, and increased neurotransmitter synthesis, cognition, and mood levels. Probiotics, if administered appropriately, can significantly benefit athletes and help optimize overall health, performance, and recovery.

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  Kyaku Zero (K-0)

  Jamall James

  Mathematics and robotics have been around for many centuries and will never die out. Both are part of S.T.E.A.M. (science technology engineering art and mathematics) which is fundamental for both of these topics. Math plays an integral part in robotics which incorporates the use of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus due to the fact that it applies in calculating, designing, measuring, and building a robot. Without Mathematics it would be a complicated task to build a robot. Robotics on the other hand is in a critical state without any aspects of math. For instance, if we want to design a robot that is the size of a car, tank, jet skyscraper, excavator, tunneling machine, satellite, and a planet mathematics is important when it comes to developing this advanced piece of science and technology. The robot that I have created Kyaku zero is an example of this demonstration which is an aspect of mathematics being applied into robotics.

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  Fluid Periodization: A New Approach to Sports Performance

  Rubyn Johnson

  As the amount of technology surrounding the sports performance landscape has increased, there has been a shift in how coaches approach year-to-year, month-to-month, and day-to-day performance planning. Periodization is the division of training into specific phases wherein coaches and athletes manipulate training variables such as sets, reps, load, and bio motor abilities to bring about specific adaptations to maximize athletic performance at the proper time. Over the years, many periodization models have been researched and implemented to elicit positive improvement in athletic performance, but none of those models take into account the physiological assessment of the individual with objective measures. Since individuals have large variability in genetics and external environmental factors, it is reasonable to believe that individuals recover differently than others even when exposed to the same stressors. Athlete monitoring systems offer an objective assessment purported to evaluate an individual’s physiological readiness to adapt to an overload stimulus, thus allowing daily manipulations in training loads. The term fluid periodization describes physical training, which adjusts volume and intensity based on the physiological assessment of the individual with objective measures. This research review aims to evaluate the differences in periodization models and the effects of fluid periodization on athletic performance.

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  Using Machine Learning to Predict Laptop Price

  Sudeep Joshi

  Machine learning (ML) allows computers to learn from historical data and make decisions without being explicitly programmed. It can be used in speech recognition, image processing, recommender systems, natural language processing (NLP), healthcare, etc. In this presentation, I will discuss a machine learning model that we built to predict the price of a laptop given its specifications, as estimating an accurate price could be a challenge. A laptop price estimator can be particularly helpful for consumers, especially first-year college students, looking to purchase a new or used laptop, and for sellers looking to sell their used laptops to get an estimate of the fair market value of their device. We used the “Linear Regression model”, one of the most widely used ML algorithms, which takes given specifications as features and outputs the price as the label. The data used to build the model was downloaded from Kaggle, a data-sharing website. To make demonstration easy during my presentation, I have created a web application using the Python “Streamlit” framework and integrated the ML model into it, and finally, deployed it on Render, a cloud hosting platform.

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  Economic Impact of the Forestry Industry in Alabama: Using Economic Geography to Understand Geographic Impacts on Business

  Annie Kelley

  This research examines the economic impact of the Forestry Industry on the State of Alabama in 2019. IMPLAN methodology was used to estimate the economic impact of approximately thirty subsectors of the Forestry Industry in each of the sixty-seven counties within Alabama. The results of this state-wide examination of the economic impact data were spatially analyzed in ArcGIS Pro by creating an interactive choropleth map displaying key economic factors by county. By doing so, the locationality of how this industry is dispersed across the state is more apparent as it relates to the physical geography attributes of each county. This research is concluded by being communicated within the context of an ArcGIS Story Map, creating a digital story tale of the Alabama Forestry Industry in 2019.

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  Discoveries of Feature 904 at the Bains Gap Native American Village Site

  Summer Kiker

  Since 1999, Jacksonville State University archaeology has been excavating at the Bains Gap Native American village site (1CA625), under the supervision of Dr. Harry Holstein and more recently Dr. Kathryn Catlin. The site is located near Anniston Alabama, southeast of the former Fort McClellan site and on the west side of Choccolocco Creek. This land is traditionally Muscogee Creek Territory. Artifacts collected throughout the many years of excavation seasons show evidence of prehistoric people inhabiting the area from the Paleoindian (15,000 BC- 8,500 BC) through Mississippian (700 AD- 1540 AD) periods. Features found show evidence of ditches, walls, post holes, and pits of various sizes. There are two stockade ditches which are parallel to each other encircling a portion of the village. The outer ditch, closest to Choccolocco Creek, has a parallel stockade post line. Based on the contents found in the ditches, the inner ditch is thought to be older than the outer ditch with the associated parallel post line. My work focused on feature 904, which is the inner ditch. This feature is extensive and was excavated over many years, from 2011 until 2018. By studying this ditch, I hoped to figure out what time period it was used and what it was used for. While studying the contents found in this ditch, I uncovered some interesting finds and data. Some of the finds include a piece of a Mississippian era face water bottle, a pipe, and different types of bifaces. The most common pottery temper found was limestone and the second highest was sand temper. There was very few shell and metasiltstone tempered pottery. The artifacts and the abundance of limestone tempered pottery led me to believe that the ditch is Woodland era and could have been used for defensive measures or water collection during that time. The site needs to be further excavated to better understand the use of the inner ditch and how it relates to the outer one.

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  Genetic Assessment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated TREX1 Variants of Uncertain Significance in C. elegans

  Taylor Mabry, Jordan Peters, Marli Hanks, and Auslyn Russell

  TREX1 is a human gene that encodes for a protein called 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease. Mutations in TREX1 result in accumulation of unwanted DNA and RNA in the cell and have been shown to trigger immune dysfunction leading to diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. The goal of this project is to determine the potential impact of an SLE associated TREX1 missense variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Initially, a gene mutational analysis was carried out with 30 TREX1 variants associated with SLE with varying degrees of reported pathogenicity to examine the conservation of each variant in the TREX1 nematode ortholog W02F12.4. Of the 30 screened variants, 2 were found to be conserved in both TREX1 and W02F12.4. These TREX1 variants were c.197A>G (p.Lys66Arg) and c.226G>T (p.Ala76Ser), both of which have uncertain clinical significance. VUS c.226G>T (p.Ala76Ser) was selected for further investigation due to its proximity with a likely pathogenic and pathogenic variant. PolyPhen-2 analysis also predicted this VUS to be probably damaging with scores of 0.982 (HumDiv) and 0.953 (HumVar). These findings support further investigation of the potential impact of this VUS. Future experiments include generating a CRISPR-Cas9-engineered C. elegans model containing the TREX1 missense VUS in the nematode loci of W02F12.4 for in vivo assessment. Primers were designed and optimized to amplify the VUS region in C. elegans using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gradient PCR, and gel electrophoresis. CRISPR RNA guides and a DNA repair template have been designed and will be used along with Cas9 protein for microinjection of nematodes to generate the mutant VUS strain. This will allow us to support or refute the potential pathogenicity of TREX1 c.226G>T (p.Ala76Ser) in vivo through phenotypic changes we observe in the mutant nematode compared to wildtype. This will help provide important insight into the potential clinical significance of this SLE associated TREX1 VUS identified in patients.

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  A Preliminary Comparison of Methylene Blue and Phloxine B’s Developmental Toxicity Using Xenopus Embryos

  Kritika Maharjan

  Chemical dyes are one of the most commonly utilized chemical substances in our daily life, as they are found in food, textiles, and medications, resulting in high environmental exposure. Methylene blue (MB) and Phloxine B (Ph B), which are both used in textiles, food, and even pharmaceuticals, will be tested for teratogenic effects in this investigation. Methylene blue is most commonly used as a bacteriologic stain and indicator, whereas Ph B is usually utilized as an agar plate stain. Methylene blue has been demonstrated in recent research to produce severe central nervous system toxicity, as well as nitrogen and ammonia poisoning. Ph B is also an effective photosensitizer of cellular membrane damage, meaning skin exposure to the dye and sunshine or artificial light may result in phototoxicity. To better understand the adverse developmental effects of MB and Ph B, the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay – Xenopus (FETAX) was performed to assess the developmental toxicity. FETAX is a 96-hour test that measures the potential of chemicals to induce death, deformity, and growth inhibition in developing embryos using early-stage embryos of the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The objective of this study is to determine the potential developmental toxicity of MB and Ph B. To assess the photoactivity, the Ph B trials were carried out in both light and dark settings. Fertilized embryos were separated for the studies and allowed to develop in test solutions. The LC50 (mortality), EC50 (malformation) for MB and Ph B (in light and dark) were determined using probit analysis. The Teratogenic Index (96-hr LC50 / 96-hr EC50) was calculated to determine the risk to amphibian embryos. Overall, the results indicate these dyes have the potential to cause malformations and risk to amphibian embryos.

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  Exercise and Fluid Replacement

  Edzer Mauger

  When it comes to balancing a hydrational body level while conducting physical activity, exercise and fluid replacement provide recognition of principle. This presentation will go into detail on rehydrating before beginning workout. To allow for fluid absorption and urine flow, prehydrating with refreshments, in addition to regular meals and fluid consumption. What matters is that output levels return to normal. The goal of drinking while exercise is to avoid dehydration (92% body weight loss from water deficiency) and significant changes in electrolyte balance, which can lead to poor performance . Individualized fluid replacement regimens are advised because sweating rates and electrolyte levels vary greatly between people. Individual sweat rates can be calculated by weighing oneself before and after activity. In some cases, consuming electrolytes and carbohydrate-containing substances during exercise can provide advantages over drinking water alone. The goal after exercise is to replace any fluid electrolyte. The reason Fluid Replacement is important to discuss is because an individual may have a health concern that causes dehydration or even overdrinking due to a lack of water and electrolyte intake. Dehydration is more prevalent than it should be, but it is important to avoid it so that an individual does not suffer from significant heat disease. Dehydration increases the risk factor for heat stroke. Dehydration increases the physiologic strain and perceived effort required to complete the same workout goal. Physical exercise can cause people to get dehydrated. Larger fluid deficits may have been more typical previous to the emphasis on rehydration during exercise. Individuals frequently begin an exercise task with normal total body water and dehydrate over time; however, in some sports, the person may begin the exercise task dehydrated, for example, when the interval between exercise sessions is insufficient for full rehydration or when initial body weight is an issue. When it comes to sex, women often sweat less and lose less electrolytes than males. They sweat less because they have a smaller body size and lower metabolic rates when doing a given exercise task. Furthermore, when their skin is wet, women appear to have less wasted perspiration. That is when meal consumption is crucial to maintaining full hydration on a daily basis. Euhydration is promoted by meal eating. Eating enhances fluid intake and retention. Sweat electrolyte deficits must be restored in order to regain total body water, which most people can do during meals. The macronutrient composition of the diet has a limited affect on urine losses during rest and is likely to have an even less influence during activity. As a result, the macronutrient composition of a person's diet has no discernible effect on their daily hydration requirements. Now The purpose of prehydrating is to start the physical activity euhydrated and with normal plasma electrolyte levels when it comes to fluid replacement. If enough fluid are taken with meals and a long recuperation period (8-12 hours) has passed since the last activity session, the person should be close to becoming euhydrated. When During Exercise, the purpose of drinking during exercise is to avoid extreme dehydration (92% BW loss through water deficit) and significant changes in electrolyte balance, which can lead to poor exercise performance. The volume and rate of fluid replenishment are determined by the individual's sweating rate, exercise duration, and drinking opportunities. Individuals should drink (as opportunities allow) throughout activity on a regular basis. The goal following an Exercise session is to thoroughly replace any fluid and electrolyte deficiency. The degree of aggression required is determined by the rate at which rehydration must be completed and the extent of the fluid-electrolyte deficit. If recovery time and chances allow, normal meals and snacks with an adequate amounts of plain water will restore euhydration, as long as the food contains enough salt to replace sweat losses.

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  The Effect of Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Policies on the Role of College Sports Agents

  Andrew Mitchell

  Sports agents have played an integral role in the sports industry over the past several decades. A sports agent can be defined as a person who handles the business and legal deals for athletes, negotiates contracts, and assists athletes in financial management. Historically speaking, agents only represented professional athletes and were forbidden from representing college athletes due to strict amateur regulations imposed by the National College Athletic Association (NCAA). Coupled with policy changes relating to the definition of amateur athletics and a modification of the legal landscape, sports agents are now representing these amateur clients.

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  Mittal Fruit Products

  Anshika Mittal

  The research is about my family business which has been going on since 1955. We manufacture 100+ types of pickles and adapt them to the taste of people around India. With my degree in marketing, I want to expand my family business to different countries, starting in the US. The motto of the business is to provide customers, who live away from family or in a neutral family, with the taste of home. The history behind starting the business was that the old generations used to make pickles at their home in bulk, however, a lot of people have started living away from their families and would demand the familiar taste frequently. India is rich in culture and have a variety of spices which everyone deserves to taste. We have successfully fulfilled the demand of consumers and will continue to do it for more generations to come.

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  The What and How of QR Codes

  Barbara Moore

  QR codes or Quick Response codes are a type of two-dimensional barcode that can store and help share information. In this presentation, I will be explaining the technology that is used behind QR codes including how they are created and read. I will also discuss how they can be used in different fields, including higher education, marketing, advertising, logistics, inventory management, etc. Everyone attending this presentation will be getting a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of QR codes.

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  Autumn Merchant – Augmented Reality as Illustrative Medium

  Brittani Myers

  Autumn Merchant is an explorative work in augmented reality as illustrative medium. Augmented Reality is the combination of digital content with the real world. Currently, the technology is used as a novelty within advertising, media, and entertainment. Up until recently, AR experiences required extensive development knowledge to produce. Due to Adobe’s new application, Aero, AR is now being placed into the hands of creatives without this background.

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  Lockdown

  Kevin Navarrete-Resendiz, Jakob Skipper, and Adam Parker

  Our group for this project is made up of three 3 students named Adam Parker, Jakob Skipper, and me, Kevin Navarrete. We collaborated in Game Design 2 to create a VR horror game, which we call Lockdown. When we first started our development for the game, we decided to make it a VR game since we had more tools with Unity as our game engine and knew a horror game would be a good project. It’s a game of cat and mouse, not literally, where the player has to navigate throughout a school alone, while an enemy is pursing them the entire time. During our presentation, we want to not only just demonstrate the game the entire time but also spent a good portion of it discussing about the progress and obstacles we went through when we developed the game. We want to specifically talk about how each of us were working on different aspects of the game like design, programming, adaptability, suggestions, and other different characters. And for some difficulties we will discuss, we will be focusing on the issue of transitioning a build or program between each of our computers to also be playable with VR, since none of us had their own VR to text the game on our own time. But we believe and know that it was a fun experience creating this game and even rewarding with the product, just as the time previously worked together in Game Design 2. As of writing this abstract, not everyone will be present at the demonstration, so we hope to speak and represent each other to the best of our ability.

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  SCP-5999 (A VR Horror Game)

  Montell Norman, Megan Kamholtz, and Martell Norman

  My presentation for JSU Student Symposium is about a Virtual Reality video game my team and I made in Game Design II last Fall of 2022. Virtual Reality is a computer-generated simulation that allows users to experience a 3D environment of any type from simulations of rock climbing to learning about operating surgeries, VR has many applications that any user can use it for. For video games, game developers utilize VR to create groundbreaking experiences to immerse the player in their environment. Video games are a type of entertainment medium that allows people to escape from the real world and immerse themselves into worlds and stories to play out their fantasies and relax as well.

  For our VR games, we decided to utilize the immersive aspect of the device to design and create a horror game based on a fictional Sci-Fi horror series called SCP. SCP is a horror series that writers on the internet create plausible anomalies that can exist in the real world, but fictional of course. For example, one of many anomalies that were created for the website where these stories are stored is one where the famous game Where’s Waldo is an entity that attacks and kills its victims when spotted. Our game is based on SCP-5999 where the player must find seven notebooks, 3 in our game as of the current build, and by doing so the entity will jumpscare the player by the final note and the game ends.

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  Online Threats vs. Mitigation Efforts: Keeping Children Safe in the Era of Online Learning

  Tiffany O'Dell

  As the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in school closures since early 2020, children have spent more time online through virtual classrooms using educational technology (EdTech) and videoconferencing applications. This increased presence of children online exposes them to more risk of cyber threats. Here, we present a review of the current research and policies to protect children while online. We seek to answer four key questions: what are the online threats against children when learning online, what is known about children’s cybersecurity awareness, what government policies and recommendations are implemented and proposed to protect children online, and what are the proposed and existing efforts to teach cybersecurity to children? Our study emphasizes the online risks to children and the importance of protective government policies and educational initiatives that give kids the knowledge and empowerment to protect themselves online.