Investigating the Effects of CBD and Caffeine Interaction on Embryonic Development in Xenopus laevis
Date of Award
Fall 2025
Document Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Master of Science (MS) in Biology
Department
Biology
Committee Chair
James Rayburn
Abstract
This study examined the interactive effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and caffeine on Xenopus laevis embryos over a 96-hour exposure period. Developmental toxicity was assessed using toxic unit isobole analysis, with LC₅₀, EC₅₀, and teratogenic index (TI) values calculated for CBD, caffeine, and mixtures at 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 ratios.
Results showed that mixtures produced concentration-dependent interactions. When caffeine levels were higher, the mixtures displayed synergistic toxicity; as the proportion of CBD increased, the interaction shifted toward a concentration-addition model. Mortality was elevated in mixtures relative to single-compound exposures, while malformation rates decreased, indicating reduced teratogenicity. Overall, findings suggest that CBD can modulate the developmental toxicity of caffeine, potentially lowering its teratogenic effects, whereas caffeine does not significantly alter CBD toxicity. These results highlight the importance of considering combined exposures when evaluating the developmental risks of CBD and caffeine use.
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